For sole traders & the self-employed

Making Tax Digital for the self-employed.

If you are self-employed, Self Assessment as you know it is changing. Here is what MTD for Income Tax means for sole traders, how the final declaration replaces your annual return, and the simplest way to stay on the right side of HMRC.

What's changing for the self-employed

  • One annual return becomes four quarterly updates plus a final declaration.
  • You must keep digital records in HMRC-recognised software.
  • It starts at £50,000 gross income (April 2026), then £30,000 (2027) and £20,000 (2028).
The big change

The final declaration replaces your Self Assessment return.

The part that worries most sole traders is what happens to the tax return. In short, it moves online and spreads across the year.

  • During the year Four quarterly updates: a running summary of income and expenses sent to HMRC.
  • After 5 April A final declaration confirms your figures and any other income, due by 31 January.
  • No separate SA return The final declaration takes the place of the old Self Assessment return for this income.

Want the exact dates? See MTD deadlines & timeline.

Step by step

What a sole trader needs to do.

1. Record digitally

Log income and expenses as you go, in recognised software instead of a shoebox or spreadsheet.

2. Update quarterly

Four times a year, review the totals and submit a quarterly update. Usually a few minutes.

3. Declare at year-end

Finalise your figures in a final declaration. Clear Books pulls the year together for you.

There's a better way

Paper, spreadsheets, or sole-trader software?

Paper Spreadsheets Clear Books
HMRC recognised for MTD ✕ ✕ ✓
Quarterly updates in minutes ✕ ✕ ✓
Final declaration support ✕ ✕ ✓
CIS support for subcontractors ✕ ✕ ✓
Free plan available ✕ ✕ ✓

Working in a specific trade? See MTD for Income Tax by trade, with guides for construction, drivers, health and beauty.

Common questions

Sole-trader MTD FAQ.

When does MTD start for sole traders?
From 6 April 2026 for gross self-employment income over £50,000. The threshold drops to £30,000 from April 2027 and £20,000 from April 2028. Trade and property income are added together.
Does it replace my Self Assessment return?
Yes. You send four quarterly updates during the year and a final declaration after it ends. The final declaration replaces the annual Self Assessment return for your self-employment and property income.
What exactly do I need to do?
Keep digital records, send four quarterly updates through recognised software, and submit a final declaration after the tax year. Clear Books covers digital records and quarterly updates on a free plan for sole traders.
Is Clear Books really free for sole traders?
Yes, no trial timer and no paywall on filing. The free plan covers quarterly updates with no transaction limits.
Get MTD-ready software

Free, HMRC-recognised software for Making Tax Digital.

Keep digital records, file quarterly updates and submit your final declaration, all in one place. Free for sole traders, with no filing paywall.

Get free MTD-ready software →
Keep reading

Related guides.

Free for sole traders, forever

Get MTD-ready in under 15 minutes.

Sign up, add your income and expenses, send your first quarterly update. That is it, kettle on.